The history of the capital of Indonesia
History of Jakarta began in a small port at the mouth of the
Ciliwung River about 500 years ago. For centuries this port city later
developed into a center of international trade nal crowded.
Historical Overview
Prior knowledge about Jakarta raised slightly through the
various inscriptions found in the area of the airport. Information about the
city until the early arrival of the European explorers to say very little.
European writers report the 16th century mentions a town called
Kalapa, which seems to be the main airport for a Hindu kingdom called Sunda,
capital of Pajajaran, located about 40 miles inland, near the town of Bogor
now. The Portuguese is a large group of Europeans first came to the airport
Kalapa. The city is then attacked by a young age, named Fatahillah, from a
kingdom adjacent to Kalapa.
Fatahillah changed the name to Jayakarta Sunda Kalapa on June
22, 1527. This date is now celebrated as the birthday of the city of Jakarta.
The Dutch came at the end of the 16th century and later mastered Jayakarta.
Jayakarta name changed to Batavia. Batavia natural state swampy
country like the Netherlands, their homeland. They also build canals to protect
from the threat of flooding Batavia. Municipal activities centered around the
field, located about 500 meters from the port.
They built elegant town hall, which is the position of the
center of the city government of Batavia. Gradually the city developed to the
south of Batavia. Rapid growth resulted in a state of rapid deterioration
lilngkungan, forcing the Dutch authorities to move the center of government
higher lying areas. The area is called Weltevreden.
WATCHING the city is like reading a long record that records of
past events. Various buildings and environment in Jakarta store traces of
people traveling, how they behave to face the challenges of his time, meeting
their needs and adjust to the environment. It preserves the joys and sorrows
and bitter-sweetness of the development, where we can absorb valuable lessons.
Jakarta, capital of Indonesia, has many historical record. Among
others in the form of buildings and the environment. In it is reflected in the
efforts of the past in building the city are not spared from problems over
time.
"If we look at the city now, it may be difficult imagine
that thousands of years ago this area was newly formed from silt the rivers
that flow into Jakarta. For example Ciliwung River, Angke, Marunda Kali, Kali
Cisadane, Great Kali, Kali and Kali Bekasi Citarum. Age plains Jakarta is now
estimated at 500 years based on geomorphology, soil science.
The precipitate was formed plains with rivers grooves that
resemble a fan. This plateau after a steady long run inhabited settlements and
formed several groups, one of which was later developed into a major port,
"said Muhammad Isa Ansyari SS, leading historian and Museum of Culture
Government of DKI Jakarta.
He says the city is a thriving city with a rapidly since got the
role as the capital of Rl. The development is caused by social factors,
economics and culture intertwined with each other.
Starting from a small neighborhood with a limited life
activities, and later evolved into a mega residential neighborhood with a
variety of activities amatkompleks. In the history of exposure to growth, in
which the city government after another and the conditions of local communities
are very diverse, both in ethnicity, race and religion following the various
aspects of life, its inhabitants still live and build their own pace berkehidupan
funds, resources and technology at their disposal .
History of Jakarta
Map of Batavia in 1897, Muhammad Isa Ansyari SS reveal the city
history begins with the establishment of a settlement at the mouth of the
Ciliwung. According to the news of the kingdom of Portugal at the beginning of
the 15th century, the settlement was named "Kalapa" and is an
important airport under the control of the Kingdom Pajajaran, whose center was
at that time located in the city of Bogor.
"In the kingdom Pajajaran, Bogor, it is still there is the
inscription relics of the 16th century. Stele name" Sato Write "Void
Watu Kencana Rahyang relics, but by Europeans Bandar is better known as Sunda
Kalapa, because it was under the rule Sunda, "said Muhammad Isa Ansyari
SS.
In history, says historian Leading Government Department of
Culture and Museum OIC Jakarta, Bandar Malacca Empire conquered Portugal in
1511. Destination Portugal when it was looking for a sea route to reach the
islands of the Moluccas, the spice sources. Then in 1522 the ship mendaratlah
messenger of Malacca under the leadership of Francesco De Sa.
Francesco De Sa reportedly going negotiations with the leaders
of Bandar Kalapa under the reign of King Sundanese Hindus.
Meanwhile in the Middle Javanese Majapahit Empire to the rise
and fall of the developing Islamic kingdom of Demak. Kingdom of Islam then
attacked the Kingdom of Sunda include Cirebon in West Java, Banten, Kalapa and
others. Given the lack of original sources in Central Java tnengenai event, then
we are forced to turn to the news of the Kingdom of Portugal, which in turn is
not only anchored in the Moluccas but also the Kingdom of Portugal was
merapatdi East Timor, stating that in 1526-1527 a fleet of Portugal had visited
Sunda Kalapa for memenuni perfanjian in 1522.
"Apparently they do not know that there is a change of
power from Empire to Empire Pajajaran Banten, yaltu people of Central Java are
Muslims. Ivlenurut news they can, given the name Pangtima is Falatehan, their
designation for Fatahillah name," said Muhammad Isa Ansyari SS.
Prehistoric Period
In some places such as Jakarta Sunday Market, Pasar Rebo,
Jatinegara, Rubber, Kebayoran, Kebon Sirih, Kebon Nanas, Cawang, Kebon Pala,
Rawa Belong, lefe Swamp, Swamp bangke, discovered prehistoric objects such as
axes, pickaxes, drill and chisel stone. The tools from the stone age or
Neolithic era between 1000 BC. So, at that time there was human life in
Jakarta.
"And as latnnya area in Jakarta was also found
inscriptions. Monument inscription found in Cilineing. Inscription is full of
information about the Kingdom Tarumanegara with King Purnawarman. According to
the inscription, is a region of the Kingdom Tarumanegara Jakarta, Java Puiau
oldest kingdom, in addition to Bogor, Banten , Bekasi until Citarum the east
and Giaruten, "said Muhammad isa Ansyari SS.
Chronology of Significant Events
In 686 AD. Tarumanegara royal army was destroyed in the attack
of Srivijaya kingdom. The 14th century, Jakarta entry into the Kingdom of
Pakuan Pajajaran often disebtit Pajajaran Kingdom, or the Kingdom of Sunda.
Kingdom of Pajajaran memiiiki six petabuhan, including Sunda Kalapa harbor. The
port city is located in Jakarta Bay - at the mouth of the river Citiwung -
which is the most important trading center seiak the 12th century to the 16th.
Monday, August 21, 1522. So important, Sunda Kalapa not escape
from the target the Portuguese orana since the year 1511 has been entrenched in
the land of Malacca. Their desire to get a good reception from the King Pajajaran.
In addition to concern about the trade, King Pajajaran also intends to ask for
the help of the Portuguese in the face of the Muslims, who had many followers
in Banten and Cirebon. Demak, at that time, has become the center of power and
the spread of Islam.
The collaboration agreement was signed between King Pajajaran
and the Portuguese. The contents ditzinkan Portuguese fort in Sunda Kalapa
established, which is characterized by the river Ciliwung. Wednesday, June 22,
1527. The agreement is unacceptable Demak, the Islamic Empire at that time was
at the peak of glory.
"Sultan of Demak sends his soldiers, led by the son,
Fatahillah. Troops occupied the Sunda Kalapa Fatahillah in 1527. Portugal When
the fleet arrived, the troops Fatahillah menghaneurkannya. Vain to flee the
Portuguese fleet of Malacca," said Muhammad Isa Ansyari SS.
With the victory Fatahillah menggantt Sunda Kalapa name to
Jayakarta. It means "Victory Berjaya." That historic event designated
as 'day jadl' City of Jakarta. Jayakarta power ultimately lies in the hands of
Fatahillah, and now extended to Banten to Islamic Empire.
In 1595. Cornells de Houtman and his men arrived in the waters
of Banten. Dutch people came looking for spices. Competition among them tighter
seasoned hostility.
Wednesday, March 20, 1602 of a token and a statesman of the
Netherlands, Johati Oldenbarneveld van, took an initiative of the Dutch traders
gather in a container. Stand trade unions Verenigde Oost Indische Compaqnie or
VOCs. VOC is a conglomerate of old container.
In 1617. The people of the Netherlands were allowed to trade in
the Jayakarta. They obtained a plot of land to the east of the Ciliwung river,
in the township of China. There they built an office and a fortress. Stronghold
of the Netherlands was not liked Jayakarta, Jakarta and the United Kingdom.
They then fought.
In 1619. Triangle of fierce fighting between the Kingdom of the
Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Portugal in the port of
Sunda Kalapa. Atmosphere Bay Jayakarta it overnight into the fire red and blood
red. At sea bay many soldiers lay dead bodies of the Netherlands and the
Kingdom of Portugal after both countries finished royal naval forces battered
the UK. Britain won the war.
Thursday, May 30, 1619, JP Goen conquered Jayakarta back once
mastered. When the fleet was the British Empire no longer exists because it has
set sail for Australia, leaving Jayakarta. Medium fleet (sea kingdom of
Portugal went to the eastern end of the archipelago, specifically in East Timor.
"Jayakarta that year entered a new chapter. Jayakarta name
changed Kingdom of the Netherlands to Batavia. Batavia name is derived from the
name of Batavieren, Europeans who became ancestors of the Netherlands,"
said Muhammad Isa Ansyari SS.
VOC Batavia initially made as a center of commerce and
government. With the expertise of the Company through political intrigue and
provoke or cfewtte et impera the kings of the archipelago. Dijarahnya
nationally. Heyday was long enough.
In 1798. VOC fell and dissolved. Power, property and debts yartg
134.7 million guilders taken over the Royal Netherlands Government. Wednesday,
January 1, 1800, Indonesia has since been ruled directly by the Government of
the Kingdom of the Netherlands. An assembly for Asia and established colonial
affairs.
However, beginning in March 1942, the Japanese Empire seized
control of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in World War 2. Name Batavia buried
the Imperial Japanese army. And, the name of Jakarta replaced until now.
(Source: magazine mandate)
