History of South Sulawesi

History of South Sulawesi

About 30,000 years ago, this island has been inhabited by humans. The oldest discovery was found in caves near limestone hills near Maros, about 30 km northeast and Makassar, the capital of South Sulawesi province. Possible old cultural layers form Peeble and flake stone tools have been collected from the terrace of the river in the valley Walanae, among Soppeng and Sengkang, including the bones of giant pigs and elephants are extinct.

During the golden era of the spice trade, the 15 th century to the 19th, South Sulawesi role as the Gateway to the Maluku islands, spice-producing lands. Kingdom of Gowa and Bone mighty plays an important role in the history of Eastern Indonesia Ialu future.

At about the 14th century in South Sulawesi there are a number of small kingdoms, the two kingdoms that stand when it is the Kingdom of Gowa were around Makassar and Bugis kingdom located in Bone. In 1530, the Kingdom of Gowa began to develop themselves, and in the mid-16th century Gowa become the most important trade centers in eastern Indonesia. In 1605, the King of Gowa embraced Islam and make Islam as the Kingdom of Gowa, and between the years 1608 and 1611, the Kingdom of Gowa attacked and conquered the kingdom of Bone that Islam spread to all parts of Makassar and Bugis.

Dutch trading company, better known as VOCs (Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie), who came to the region in the 15th century saw the Kingdom of Gowa as a barrier to VOC desire for control of the spice trade in the area. VOC then allied with a prince named White Palakka Bugis who live in exile after the fall under the rule of Gowa Bugis.

Dutch then returned to the sponsor Palakka Bone, as well as turn on the Bone and Sopeng resistance against power Gowa. After fighting for a year, the Kingdom of Gowa was defeated. And the King of Gowa, Sultan Hasanuddin forced to sign the Treaty which greatly reduces power Bungaya Gowa. Furthermore Bone under Palakka be rulers in South Sulawesi.

Competition between the Kingdom of Bone with other leaders of Bugis of South Sulawesi historical coloring. Queen Bone came up to lead the resistance against the Dutch, who was busy dealing with the Napoleonic Wars in Europe. But after immediately following the Napoleonic Wars, the Dutch returned to the South and Queen Bone eradicate insurgency. But Makassar and Bugis community resistance against colonial rule continued until 1905-1906. In 1905, the Dutch conquered Tana Toraja, resistance in this area continued until the early 1930's.

Before the proclamation of the Republic of Indonesia, South Sulawesi, is comprised of an independent empire and inhabited four ethnic namely Bugis, Makassar, Mandar and Toraja.

There are three major kingdoms wide influence is Luwu, Gowa and Bone, which the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries to achieve glory and have trade relations and friendship with the people of European, Indian, Chinese, Malay and Arabic.

After independence, issued Law No. 21 of 1950 which became the province of South Sulawesi Sulawesi Administrative and later in 1960 became an autonomous region of South Sulawesi and Southeast under Law No. 47 Year 1960. Separation of the autonomous region of South Sulawesi and Southeast Sulawesi stipulated by Law No. 13 Year 1964, thus becoming the autonomous region of South Sulawesi.

Period Governor:

I. Sulawesi Governor

1945 - 1949 DR. G. S.S.J. Ratulangi

1950 - 1951 B. W. Lapian

1951 - 1953 R. Sudiro

1953 - A. Burhanuddin

1953 - 1956 Lanto Dg. Pasewang

1956 - 1959 A. Pangerang Pettarani

II. Governor of South Sulawesi and Southeast:

1959 - 1960 A. Pangerang Pettarani

1960 - 1966 A. A. Rivai.

III. Governor of South Sulawesi

1966 - 1978 Ahmad Lamo (two periods)

1978 - 1983 Andi Oddang

1983 - 1993 A. Amiruddin (two periods)

1993 - 2003 H. Z. B. Palaguna (two periods)

2003 - 2008 H. M. Amin Syam

2088 - Ahmad Tanribali Lamo While Acting Governor

2008 - Syahrul Yasin Limpo now

According to the history and culture of South Sulawesi, there are three major kingdoms that had wide influence that the Kingdom Luwu, Gowa and Bone, as well as a number of small kingdoms in alliance with the kingdom, but remained autonomous. In contrast to the formation of other provinces in Indonesia, South Sulawesi, formed into a unified province-level administrative regions, the willingness and the pledge of the kings and the local community and join in a united Iindonesia, making it one of South Sulawesi province in Indonesia as stipulated in Law No. 21 1950 and Makassar as the center of government.

With this law the Administrative Region of South Sulawesi is divided into 21 regions swantantra level II and 2 (two) municipalities namely Makassar and Parepare. Status Administrative Sulawesi province ended in 1960 established by Law No. 47 Year 1960 and autonomously divided into Sulawesi Province South Sulawesi capital of Makassar East and North-Central Sulawesi capital of Manado, four years later, the separation of South and Southeast regions specified in II No. 13, 1964 and officially became South Sulawesi autonomous regions and continue to be refined with the enactment of Law no. 5 of 1974 on the main points that combine local government administrative region autonomous regions within a single mention of the Regional Level II or Kotamdya and the Province of South Sulawesi province Further South Sulawesi regional Level I is divided into 23 districts / municipalities and 2 ( two) the Administrative City and Palopo in Luwu district Watampone Bone. While the most significant is the change of the name of the South Sulawesi provincial capital of Makassar to Ujung specified in Government Regulation No. 51 of 1971 Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 65 Year 1971.