Jumat, 30 November 2012

KNOW YOUR HISTORY IN CONTEXT Pinrang


KNOW YOUR HISTORY IN CONTEXT Pinrang

Of the shaft Pinrang ini.Baik Pare Pare at the time of the kingdom suppa victim to the events of 40 thousand people. of historical evidence that there is a tomb royal army officers who lost the war and Bone kekerajaan Suppa run for political asylum. "Bompatue formerly named La cubeng, but it turned into Bombatue, probably because of the time of the Japanese population are bombing the area and the only help that designation
it is attached to and become Bompatue name "Muhammad said Thamrin.

Mangkau Thamrin said Muhammad and his army at his residence on Thursday 6 September yesterday added losing the civil war days of the royal White Palakka and ask for political asylum in the kingdom suppa, because it is the leader keraj
Mangkau aan suppa and still has family ties "in the bone after the civil war had ended and safe condition, Mangkau and his troops to the Bone, and had stopped at Bompatue"

However, mangkau then told his troops to one of the retainer and his brother Dato Dato Ramallah Galuttu to stay and settle in Bompatua the grounds if kept coming with the troops, he just kept subordinate "And at that moment, dato Ramallah married a girl and settle Bompatue there "continued this tweet from dato Ramallah.

And that's when Dato Ramallah begin building a new life and became head of the village for the area Bompatua and when he died he was buried in this area, because every citizen who died in buried in the area own their own "for bompatue region alone there are about 4 places ancient tombs, including Dato Ramallah "

Bompatue started at left citizens Muhammad Thamrin said the Japanese population while burning the homes of existing residents and citizens, including burning food supplies, so that the residents who live above Bompatue it down and look for new settlements "they spread their own search for life itself"


Another historical value that is owned by the village Bompatue is a mango tree in the first appeal with the ancient graveyard "If ancient tombs around 300an years old, of a mango tree, over the age of such grave"

In addition, there are two places that thorny bamboo clumps called Awo tarae. Awo is different from bamboo tarae generally, because in each stem has thorns thorns, being at the top does not cause spikes "tarae AWO is what made the warriors of that era as bamboo Runcing in use against the Dutch"

Awo advantage Tarae (Bamboo spur) is a small hole and thick and not eaten by termites "AWO tarae exist only in bompatue" Thamrin said when met at his residence

Residents Lappa lappae tellumpanua village district is adding a second suppa thorny bamboo grove is located on the west side and east Bompatue are planted in the estimate when residents are still living in the area Bompatue. Suardi GATTANG

Kamis, 29 November 2012

How to Make Liquid Drug


How to Make Liquid Drug
Okay we start AJJ ..
ni dose of his pass, after the practice of self-ane gan:

-4 Drops insxx (tetrahydrozolin HCL 0.05%, benzalkolnium chloride 0.01%) ==> so react with soft drinks (soda disappear)
-2 Tablets crushed Antimo
-200 Ml / 1 bottle sprixx
-MSG 1/4 tsp

results: - eyes dizzy, a little nauseous, drowsy so tap is 75% unconscious.


the need to devastating effect, (WARNING)

-4 Drops insxx
-2 Tablets Antimo
-200 Ml sprixx
- 1/2 tsp MSG

result ==> - the view fades within 3-5 minutes, loss of consciousness within 8-10 minutes, long unconscious: 30-60 minutes depending endurance ... (warning not to exceed the dose, could be fatal ...!)


agan please try and learn unsur2 compounds in it that react in sequence and intervals


side effects when continuous use in large doses:

- Impaired liver function
- Nerve damage is permanent eye and brain
- Disorders of the kidney

Rabu, 28 November 2012

How To Activate Blackberry BBM


How To Activate Blackberry BBM


How To Activate Blackberry BBM - Blackberry Messenger or BBM better known as a special messenger feature for BlackBerry smartphone users. Sometimes one of the reasons buyers choose blackberry is because of the application of this fuel. BBM is more popularly used primarily as a medium to communicate a very flourishing online shop today. Almost all existing online store using fuel as a way of ordering their products. Blackberry does have a luxurious and elegant, so it is not wrong if the target market users online shop that would target customers who move in cyberspace.


Blackberry Messenger

How to Activate Blackberry BBM


To be able to communicate via BBM, first mate must activate the Blackberry internet service. How to activate Blackberry BBM for each provider are different. If internet service is already active, the fuel mate can be used. Here are the steps, please adapted to the provider you are using:

Telkomsel (Sympathy, As, and Hallo cards)
Activation: press * 363 # OK select "Blackberry" and follow the next steps
Deactivation: sms type BB (space) unreg send to 333
Indosat (IM3, Mentari and Matrix)
Activation: press * 889 * 1 # OK and follow the next steps
Deactivation: sms type "unreg" send to 889
XL
Activation: press * 123 # OK select "Internet / Blackberry" and follow the next steps
Deactivation: sms type "unreg" send to 889
Axis
Activation: press * 222 # OK and follow the next steps
Deactivation: press * 222 * 4 # OK
3 Three
Activation: press * 100 # OK and follow the next steps
Deactivation: sms type "BB unreg" send to 234

Well the above was a way to enable internet blackberry for each provider. Once activation is successful, restart the Blackberry before using. An easy way to restart the BB pal can see the full review in our article How to Restart BB. If my friend replace the card provider, it should automatically re-activate the appropriate type of card used. Good luck ..

Selasa, 27 November 2012

HOW QUICKLY LEARN ARABIC


HOW QUICKLY LEARN ARABIC

Before we discuss how to quickly learn Arabic, we would like to clarify first: To whom this paper we addressed? Know that this paper we aimed to human class-3. Who are the three man group that?

Look. In studying Arabic, in our opinion, there are three classes of people.

Those who had the opportunity to study in boarding lodges. So they can learn every day with the direct guidance of the teachers.
Those who had the opportunity to study in places where courses. There was a study once a week, twice a week, or more than that.
They are only learned through your books.
Well, so the text is addressed to those who are studying Arabic at home through books, without the guidance of teacher intensive. However, we do not ban people groups 1 and 2 to read this article. Insha Allah there is also a benefit for them to further increase the quality of their learning.

 Then, how to quickly learn Arabic for class-3 to this?

Before we answer this question, we want to explain first about understanding "how fast" here to avoid misunderstandings.

For example like this:

- The A to learn Arabic. Within 6 months he was able to read the book bald.

- The B learn Arabic. Within 5 months he was able to read the book bald.

- The C learn Arabic. Within four months he was able to read the book bald.



Of these three, which is the most rapid learning? Of course, the C, right. Well, so what we mean how fast is the way to master the Arabic language in the shortest possible time with maximum results. So, is not our intent to "how fast" it is a way to master the Arabic language in an instant. For example, a day or two to learn instantly. Because that would need a process called learning. The scholars have told us that to master something takes a long time. Remind a testament Imam Shafi'i?



Why are we discussing this?

Therefore, based on our observations, sometimes there are people who have long since learned basic Arabic. For example, he has learned more than a year. But he still can not read the book and can not understand the bare basic rules of Arabic. What is the cause? There are a lot of factors. In our opinion, there are four main factors:

Factors learners.
Factors learning.
Factors studied guide books.
Factors companion.
Or in other words, if we want to quickly master the Arabic language, then we have:

Using adab in the study.
Using an effective way of learning.
Choosing the right guide book.
Having a companion as a place to ask and consult.


Now, let us discuss one by one

1. Conduct of the study.

On Demand adab science, we have discussed in EBOOK "SUCCESS STRATEGY WITHOUT TEACHERS LEARN ARABIC". Please read again. This time we just want to emphasize the importance and seriousness STRONG DESIRE to learn Arabic. Therefore, a person who has a strong desire and willingness to learn, he would exert all means to be Arabic. For example, to buy books, ask, buy dictionaries, searching the internet, etc.. Unlike the people who have no passion and sincerity. For more details about the passion and sincerity, please read the EBOOK "THE POWER OF Koran".



2. Effective way of learning.

Could someone can quickly master the Arabic language if he just learned a week. Wallohu knows best. It seems very difficult. Maybe he can speak Arabic, but a very long time.



If you wanna fast, so he had to learn every day. He must spend a minimum of one hour a day. If it could be more, it's even better. And it includes an effective way of learning. For more details, please read EBOOK "STRATEGY FOR SUCCESS WITHOUT TEACHERS LEARN ARABIC".



3. Choosing the right guide book.

The book is right Sometimes there are people who are almost 2 years to learn Arabic. However, he still can not understand the basic rules of the Arabic language. What is the cause? Because one of them in choosing guidebooks. He should have books that discuss rule coherently, but he instead used the contents of the book emphasizes conversation and expand vocabulary.



For those who first learned Arabic and wanna study at home, of course, need a book that can be understood himself. And Alhamdulillah, we've compiled the book FAHIMNA. The book is deliberately structured to be learned by the people of Indonesia for the first time to know Arabic and want to master it.



4. Looking for a companion.

Could someone could master the Arabic language itself with its own reading books rules Arabic at home, without the slightest questioning and asked for an explanation from someone else? I do not know. It seems, in our opinion, one still needs a companion study that could help him when it has difficulty learning. Because the Arabic language lessons, there are some materials that do need an explanation from the person who can. It is very difficult to learn alone.



Therefore, usahkanlah to find a companion in learning. Who are the people, which is important he can give an explanation when needed. For example, teacher at boarding school, where recitation, Islamic magazine editor, etc..



From the brief description above, we deliberately make ARABIC TRAINING DISTANCE (PBAJJ). Our goal is to provide acceleration in understanding Arabic for people who are new to the Arabic language. In this tutorial, we provide:

A description of manners in the study.
An explanation of how to learn effectively.
Appropriate handbook
Mentoring.


Such an explanation from us. Hope can be understood. Congratulations learn Arabic!

Senin, 26 November 2012

History The origins of Balikpapan City Name


History The origins of Balikpapan City Name


Balikpapan is less clear when the name come from and what the name of it. Given the wording can be inserted into the origin of the word Malay. According to the book by F. Valenijn in 1724, mentions a region upstream of a river in a bay about three miles from the coast, the village was named BILIPAPAN. Apart from the question of speech and hearing, it is clear that the name is associated with a rural community in the bay which is now known as the Balikpapan Bay.

There are several versions related to the origin of the name Balikpapan:

1. The first version (Source: Book 90 Years of Balikpapan, citing a book by F. Valenijn 1724)
     According to the legend of the origin of the name Balikpapan is due to an incident that occurred in 1739, when Sultan Mohammed Idris under the Government of the Kingdom of Kutai, which ordered the settlers along the Balikpapan Bay to donate building materials for the construction of a new palace in the old Kutai. Donations are determined in the form of submission of 1000 planks are tied into a raft that was brought to Kutai Lama through along the coast. Arriving at the old Kutai, it turns out there are 10 pieces of boards that are less (apart during the trip) and the results of the search found that 10 pieces of the board arise somewhere adrift and is now named "Jenebora". Balikpapan is the name of the event is given (in terms of language Kutai 'Flip - the board "or a back board that does not want to donate).

2. Second version (Source: Legend of the people who published the book 90 Years of Balikpapan)
      According to the legend of the tribal people or commonly known as the Sand Under the Sand Tribe Kuleng, the generation to have dihikayatkan about the origin of the name "State Balikpapan". Sand People Behind tribes living along the gulf coast of Balikpapan is descended from the grandparents called "Kayun KULENG and BOARD swing". By descendants fishing village located in Balikpapan Bay was given the name "KULENG - BOARD" or mean "THE - BOARD" (In the language of sand, meaning Kuleng Turn and Board means Board) and the name of the country is estimated that Balikpapan is about the year 1527.
Day of Balikpapan City


Balikpapan City determined anniversary on February 10, 1897. Determination of a seminar on the history of the city of Balikpapan on December 1, 1984. Dated February 10, 1897 is the date of the first oil drilling in Balikpapan Mathilda made by the Company as of the articles of cooperation with Mr. JH Menten. Adam of the Firm Samuel and CO.


Cultural Values ​​Balikpapan City


Balikpapan City started since the discovery of oil wells by Matilda on February 10, 1897. Since then the city of Balikpapan in demand by the outside community as well-known as an oil town. Various ethnic groups in Indonesia, especially Kalimantan alone, Sulwesi and Java come to make a living in Balikpapan.


The rapid development of the city of Balikpapan, Balikpapan City community is directly going acculturation various cultures, various tribes in Indonesia, this could be reflected in the language of instruction used Balikpapan residents that Indonesian is a good school, home, workplace and others.


At the same time, with the ethnic diversity that comes accompanied with various customs and religions. Customs of various ethnic very nurtured well, so that she embraced religion. This is supported by the factor of acculturation, so the relationship is established harmonious society for generations. Its a typical city of Balikpapan is there no dominance of one tribe, both indigenous and tribal Borneo entrants, so that the adhesive used is language Indonesian language.


As a form of implementation in order to maintain, protect and enhance the integrity, enabling the city of Balikpapan, Balikpapan motto I built, look after and defending.


Balikpapan as a strategic city and conducive, strongly supported by masyaraat, especially in the hospitality and diversity kebersamaaan citizens in tribal / ethnic, cultural, ethnic kinship values ​​is very strong, as delivering major capital Balikpapan as a civil society, which has a plural society living in harmony, harmonious, civilized modern, advanced and mamiliki spiritual values ​​of morality, religion and belief, respectively.


Guyub value / high togetherness capable of binding a sense of brotherhood among the tribe, in the foundation of the establishment of the conditions continue to be maintained, making the city of Balikpapan City Clean, Beautiful, Safe, and Convenient.

Cultural environment clean and insight, also an integral part in general has become the hallmark Balikpapan, professionally accommodated in Balikpapan City Government program, namely: CLEAN, GREEN and HEALTHY (Clean, Green and Healthy)

Minggu, 25 November 2012

History of the town of Mataram


History of the town of Mataram

The formation of the city of Mataram is inseparable from the history, the era of kings, during Dutch colonial rule, the Japanese occupation and the establishment of Eastern Indonesia results of the Round Table Conference (RTC) December 27, 1949. During Lombok island ruled by kings, the king of Mataram in 1842 AD and conquered the kingdom in 1843 AD Pagesangan conquered kingdom Kahuripan. Capital kingdom centered in Cakranegara and king palace called Carving Kawi.
Known as the king of Mataram besides rich king who is also known as the king of City Spatial experts. In carrying out the census kingdom by asking all residents to collect needles, male population and female population will be distinguished by color bonding strap on the left needle.
After the Mataram kingdom fell into the hands of Dutch government began to apply a single dual system of government under the centralized Afdelling Bali Lombok in Bali Singaraja City. Lombok Island at that time was divided into 3 (three) Onder Colonial. From the Colonial as a representative called Controleur and from the so-called head of the Local Government (PPP) to the extent kedistrikan.
As for the third administrative region still called West Lombok (West Lombok), Midle Lombok (Central Lombok) and East Lombok (East Lombok). To the West Lombok (West Lombok) oversees the 7 (seven) administrative area that includes:
1. Kedistrikan West Ampenan Dasan Agung
2. Kedistrikan East Ampenan in Narmada
3. Kedistrikan Bayan Bayan in Belek
4. Assistant District Gondang in Gondang
5. Kedistrikan Cape in Cape
6. Kedistrikan Gerung in Gerung
7. Assistant District Gondang in Gondang
Later in the year 1958 birth of Law No. 64 of Pem-formed area of ​​Bali, NTB and NTT, and Blood Level II promulgated on August 11, 1958.
Then on the leadership of Haji Anggrat, BA, dated May 1, 1960 to 1965 kepunggawaan status Cakranegara dihapiuskan and turned into Kedistrikan Cakranegara. Furthermore, based on the development of government made the change of West Lombok regency established by Decree No. NTB KDH Level: 288.Pem.20/1/12 consists of:
1. KecamatanAmpenan
2. Sub Cakranegara
3. District of Narmada
4. District of Cape
5. Sub Ganges
6. Bayan subdistrict
7. Sub Gerung
8. District of Kediri
And in 1969, by decree of the Governor of NTB Province Number: 156/Pem.7/2/266 dated May 30, 1969 about the addition of one (1) District Mataram territory from villages in the subdistrict and district Ampenan Cakranegara .
In 1978, Mataram KOTIF formed the Government Regulation No. 21 Year 1978 on the establishment of City Administrative City (KOTIF) Mataram, the implications of the PP designation changes to Urban Village, where H. Then Mudjitahid appointed by the Governor KDH TK I NTB (HR Wasita Kusumah) as Mayor of the City Administrative Mataram first.
Furthermore, based on progress of development and governance maa status changed to Administrative City Mataram Mataram Municipality pursuant to Law No. 4 of 1993, wherein the region comprises three (3) District of the District Ampenan, Mataram District and District Cakranegara with 23 (twenty three) and 247 Village neighborhood. Inauguration of Municipal Mataram by Interior Minister Moh. Yogie S Memet on August 31, 1993 and also inaugurated Vice Mayor Mataram first was H. Shame Mas'ud and since then resmilah Mataram municipality separate regency regency regency in West Lombok who had been the main area Kotamdya Dati II Mataram.
* With the birth of the Autonomous Region in line marked by the adoption of Act No. 22 of 1999 on Regional Government, then there is also a change designation Level II Regional Municipality of Mataram into Mataram City and several other peubahan as mandated by the Act.

Sabtu, 24 November 2012

History of Surabaya


History of Surabaya

Surabaya, who is not familiar with the city nicknamed City of Heroes. Surabaya has a unique variety that can be immediately appealing to anyone. Aside from being a historical city, Surabaya is also known as the second metropolitan Jakarta. Then the local traditional life and modernity, evident in the city, forming a unique culture and certainly interesting. In addition, the city has stood since at least the 1200's, including the oldest cities in Indonesia row. How does the history of the formation of the city of Surabaya? Let's find out together;


-Hindu Majapahit Period (1300)

This early period of formation of Surabaya, since according to the literature, one hypothesis Von Faber, Surabaya was founded in 1275 AD by King Kertanegara. The establishment of this city, was intended as a new settlement for soldiers who managed to quell the rebellion. In the early establishment, named Ujung Surabaya Galuh.

After Raden Wijaya managed to destroy the forces and troops mengusit Tar-tar from the emperor of Mongolia, on May 31, 1293 as the day of the establishment of the ditetapkanlah Galuh Edge. That the inscription Trowulan I, 1358 M named Churabhaya (Surabaya) is still a rural area ditepian Brantas river (one of the important crossings along the river Brantas)

Regardless of Majapahit, Surabaya 1483-1542 year became part of the kingdom of Demak. But after that, about 30 years under the rule Surabaya Madura. continued between 1570 to 1587 under the control of Surabaya Pajang dynasty.

Period of Islam (1600)


Spice trade began bustling in Surabaya, the year 1612, many Portuguese traders who transact with merchants indigenous spices. After Surabaya in 1625 fell to the kingdom of Mataram. But in 1967 Surabaya in chaos due to attacks by pirates from Napier. And Attend Trunojoyo, a prince of Mataram (Madurese) who rebelled against the king of Mataram. With the help of the people Trunojoyo Makassar and Surabaya Madura mastered. After mastery, Surabaya is known as a transit port and storage of goods and the source of the fertile earth, the Brantas delta.



Trunojoyo fort in 1677 to the head of the Company held Cornelis Speelman. But in the year 1706, Surabaya again become the battleground between the Company under the leadership of Govert Knol and Surapati Untung forces. Which ended with the signing of a letter agreement between Pakubuwono II of the kingdom of Mataram and the Governor-General van Imhoff, stating that his right hand over the north coast of Java and Madura (including Surabaya) to the VOC that has been providing assistance until he had mastered in the kingdom Mataram.

Surabaya Year 1808-1811 under Governor General Herman Willem l Daendels Surabaya built a commercial city like a fortress city as well as "European" small

Surabaya Year 1811-1816 under British rule were held by Raffles. After it was re-mastered Dutch Surabaya. Year 1830-1850, shaped as a castle town marked by Prins Hendrik fortress built in the estuary Kalimas. In 1870, a modern city Surabaya growing region to the south.

Period of 1900


Started in 1906, the exact date is 1 April, designated as Surabaya municipality (gemeente) under the rules of March 1, 1906. Since then all government run by the City Council (Gemeente Raad), under the leadership of Assistant Resident AR. Lutter who doubles as interim mayor.

Period of Independence


The period starting from 1942 to independence in 1945 the city of Surabaya when it was under Japanese occupation, and for 3 years, the state of the city seemed not progress at all, still the same as before. In 1945 that, spirit-arek arek Surabaya against the invaders started burning, to a major war in Surabaya. But not long ago, the Dutch distributing pamphlets announcement that Allied / Netherlands will land in Surabaya by air, and the Dutch people in Surabaya Dutch flag on Orange Hotel on September 19, 1945, triggering outrage arek-arek Surabaya and do Red white blue-tearing action to be Red and White. In that incident, Mr. Ploegman killed.

After a series of events that happen from time to time in Surabaya, Surabaya has now developed into a modern metropolis, but left no tradition. And May 31 is set to be the anniversary of Surabaya City, until now.

Jumat, 23 November 2012

History of South Sulawesi


History of South Sulawesi

About 30,000 years ago, this island has been inhabited by humans. The oldest discovery was found in caves near limestone hills near Maros, about 30 km northeast and Makassar, the capital of South Sulawesi province. Possible old cultural layers form Peeble and flake stone tools have been collected from the terrace of the river in the valley Walanae, among Soppeng and Sengkang, including the bones of giant pigs and elephants are extinct.

During the golden era of the spice trade, the 15 th century to the 19th, South Sulawesi role as the Gateway to the Maluku islands, spice-producing lands. Kingdom of Gowa and Bone mighty plays an important role in the history of Eastern Indonesia Ialu future.

At about the 14th century in South Sulawesi there are a number of small kingdoms, the two kingdoms that stand when it is the Kingdom of Gowa were around Makassar and Bugis kingdom located in Bone. In 1530, the Kingdom of Gowa began to develop themselves, and in the mid-16th century Gowa become the most important trade centers in eastern Indonesia. In 1605, the King of Gowa embraced Islam and make Islam as the Kingdom of Gowa, and between the years 1608 and 1611, the Kingdom of Gowa attacked and conquered the kingdom of Bone that Islam spread to all parts of Makassar and Bugis.


Dutch trading company, better known as VOCs (Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie), who came to the region in the 15th century saw the Kingdom of Gowa as a barrier to VOC desire for control of the spice trade in the area. VOC then allied with a prince named White Palakka Bugis who live in exile after the fall under the rule of Gowa Bugis.
Dutch then returned to the sponsor Palakka Bone, as well as turn on the Bone and Sopeng resistance against power Gowa. After fighting for a year, the Kingdom of Gowa was defeated. And the King of Gowa, Sultan Hasanuddin forced to sign the Treaty which greatly reduces power Bungaya Gowa. Furthermore Bone under Palakka be rulers in South Sulawesi.

Competition between the Kingdom of Bone with other leaders of Bugis of South Sulawesi historical coloring. Queen Bone came up to lead the resistance against the Dutch, who was busy dealing with the Napoleonic Wars in Europe. But after immediately following the Napoleonic Wars, the Dutch returned to the South and Queen Bone eradicate insurgency. But Makassar and Bugis community resistance against colonial rule continued until 1905-1906. In 1905, the Dutch conquered Tana Toraja, resistance in this area continued until the early 1930's.

Before the proclamation of the Republic of Indonesia, South Sulawesi, is comprised of an independent empire and inhabited four ethnic namely Bugis, Makassar, Mandar and Toraja.


There are three major kingdoms wide influence is Luwu, Gowa and Bone, which the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries to achieve glory and have trade relations and friendship with the people of European, Indian, Chinese, Malay and Arabic.
After independence, issued Law No. 21 of 1950 which became the province of South Sulawesi Sulawesi Administrative and later in 1960 became an autonomous region of South Sulawesi and Southeast under Law No. 47 Year 1960. Separation of the autonomous region of South Sulawesi and Southeast Sulawesi stipulated by Law No. 13 Year 1964, thus becoming the autonomous region of South Sulawesi.


Period Governor:

I. Sulawesi Governor
1945 - 1949 DR. G. S.S.J. Ratulangi
1950 - 1951 B. W. Lapian
1951 - 1953 R. Sudiro
1953 - A. Burhanuddin
1953 - 1956 Lanto Dg. Pasewang
1956 - 1959 A. Pangerang Pettarani



II. Governor of South Sulawesi and Southeast:
1959 - 1960 A. Pangerang Pettarani
1960 - 1966 A. A. Rivai.

III. Governor of South Sulawesi
1966 - 1978 Ahmad Lamo (two periods)
1978 - 1983 Andi Oddang
1983 - 1993 A. Amiruddin (two periods)
1993 - 2003 H. Z. B. Palaguna (two periods)
2003 - 2008 H. M. Amin Syam

2088 - Ahmad Tanribali Lamo While Acting Governor

2008 - Syahrul Yasin Limpo now


According to the history and culture of South Sulawesi, there are three major kingdoms that had wide influence that the Kingdom Luwu, Gowa and Bone, as well as a number of small kingdoms in alliance with the kingdom, but remained autonomous. In contrast to the formation of other provinces in Indonesia, South Sulawesi, formed into a unified province-level administrative regions, the willingness and the pledge of the kings and the local community and join in a united Iindonesia, making it one of South Sulawesi province in Indonesia as stipulated in Law No. 21 1950 and Makassar as the center of government.
With this law the Administrative Region of South Sulawesi is divided into 21 regions swantantra level II and 2 (two) municipalities namely Makassar and Parepare. Status Administrative Sulawesi province ended in 1960 established by Law No. 47 Year 1960 and autonomously divided into Sulawesi Province South Sulawesi capital of Makassar East and North-Central Sulawesi capital of Manado, four years later, the separation of South and Southeast regions specified in II No. 13, 1964 and officially became South Sulawesi autonomous regions and continue to be refined with the enactment of Law no. 5 of 1974 on the main points that combine local government administrative region autonomous regions within a single mention of the Regional Level II or Kotamdya and the Province of South Sulawesi province Further South Sulawesi regional Level I is divided into 23 districts / municipalities and 2 ( two) the Administrative City and Palopo in Luwu district Watampone Bone. While the most significant is the change of the name of the South Sulawesi provincial capital of Makassar to Ujung specified in Government Regulation No. 51 of 1971 Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 65 Year 1971.

Kamis, 22 November 2012

History of Singapore


History of Singapore

Singapore plays a minor role in the developmental history of Southeast Asia to Sir Stamford Raffles established a British port there. Under kolonialInggris government, Singapore has become a very strategic port since its location is in the middle of the trade route between India and China that ended up being among the most important ports in the world today. During World War II, Singapore was occupied by the Japanese from 1942 to 1945.
After the war, the locals are justifiably self-government but has yet to reach independence. So in 1963 Singapore Tanah Melayu has joined together with Sabah and Sarawak to form Malaysia. But Singapore out of Malaysia to become a republic on August 9, 1965.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 History Ago
2 Establishment of Modern Singapore (1819)
3 Early Development (1819-1826)
4 Straits Settlements (1826-1867)
5 Japanese Occupation Period (1942-1945)
6 Self-Government (1955-1963)
7 Establish Fellowship Malaysia (1963-1965)
8 Republic of Singapore (1965-present)
9 See also
10 External links

HISTORY ago
In the past around the 14th century, the island of Singapore is part of the kingdom of Srivijaya and was known as Temasek ("Sea Town").
Singapore believed that free government is the center of the Malay kingdoms before it was occupied by Sir Stamford Raffles. It is based on writings Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir Munsyi stating when Singapore cleaned, there are hills that have been identified as the hill ban, and there are lots of fruit trees planted there. This suggests the presence of an administrative center in situ.
Other than that, Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir helped Munsyi stated that the discovery of an inscribed stone has a carved inscription that is not recognized and has been blurred. Inscription Singapuraitu shows Singapore has become a central administration since a long time ago, before the arrival of the British.
Unfortunately the inscriptions had been destroyed shortly after the arrival of England by a British engineer. However, there is a note on a copy of the text that has been delivered to London but failed interpreted. Had the record copy of the article can be found again, he was able to give an estimate of when it was carved through translation or if only they failed to translate, through the type of paper used.

SINGAPORE MODERN ESTABLISHMENT (1819)
Among the 16th century and into the 19th period, the Malay Archipelago gradually become the property of the European colonizers. The beginning of the occupation of the West began when the Portuguese arrived in Melaka in 1509. When the period of the 17th, the Dutch had taken control of most of the major ports in the Malay Archipelago. The Dutch had monopolized all the spice trade which at that time was an important trade ingredients. Other European colonists, including the UK, have only a small trade rights.


Thomas Stamford Raffles, founder of modern Singapore.
In 1818, Sir Stamford Raffles was appointed a governor of a British port is in Bengkulu, Sumatra. Raffles believe that the UK needs to find a way to become the dominant ruler of this shoreline. One way is to build a new port in the Strait of Melaka. Existing UK ports such as Penang is too far from the Straits of Melaka while Bengkulu overlooking the Straits of Sunda.
In 1818, he had managed to convince the East India Company (EIC) to search for a new port on this shoreline.
Raffles arrived in Singapore on January 29, 1819. He encountered a small Malay settlement at the mouth of the Singapore River, headed by a Chief Johor. The island is managed by the Sultanate of Johor but the unstable political situation. The heir to the Sultan of Johor, Tengku Abdul Rahman dominated by Dutch and Bugis. Raffles later learned that Tengku Abdul Rahman became emperor just because kakandanya, Tengku Hussein nothing during his father's death. According to the Malay custom, the candidate needs to be on the sultan sultan sultan if only to be inducted.
Aware that he could manipulate the situation, Raffles has contributed to a Sultan Tengku Hussein if only Tengku Hussein would allow the UK to open ports in Singapore and in reply England will pay annually to the Tengku Hussein. This agreement became invalid on February 6, 1819.

INITIAL DEVELOPMENT (1819-1826)
Raffles returned to Bengkulu was soon after signed an agreement with Johor. William Farquhar heads the new British colony with the help of an army of irregulars England.
Behind the problems Singapore faces growing rapidly due to its status as a free port. Arab traders, Tiong Hoa and India made it their haven.

Straits Settlements (1826-1867)
Founding of Singapore by the Raffles got into trouble when the Dutch royal auspices of the accused Britain of interfering effects. At first the British Empire and the United East Indies England sympathize with this problem but they soon ignore it for the sake of progress in Singapore. By the year 1822, it was clear the British intention that they will not ever give up Singapore.
Status of Singapore as a British property was confirmed by the Anglo-Dutch Treaty ditandatanginya 1824 which divided the Malay Archipelago influence of the two powers. Northern region including Penang, Melaka and Singapore as the British influence in the south, while under the influence of the Netherlands. In 1826, Singapore together with Penang and Melaka classified under one rule, namely State-Strait Affairs.

JAPANESE OCCUPATION AGE (1942-1945)
The main article for this section are: the Japanese occupation of Singapore
On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked Pearl Harbour. One goal is to master the Japan-East Asia is due to economic factors. Singapore which is the main base for the Allied Military Japan is the main target.
In Singapore, many people believe that Japan would attack him first before attacking Malaya. The British are now willing to provide the best war contingent. This includes the delivery of the warship HMS Prince of Wales and HMS Repulse warships. They also led several other warships.
On December 8, 1941, Japanese troops landed at Kota Bharu, Kelantan. After two days of army-Japanese army landed, the ship Prince of Wales and Repulse ship sank due to be destroyed by the Japanese. Japanese soldiers continued to move across the country led to the British Malay forced to retreat south to Singapore. Ahead of January 31, 1942, after 55 days bermulanya attack the Japanese, the Japanese have successfully mastered the entire Land of Malay and get ready to attack Singapore.
After some fighting, Lieutenant-General Arthur Ernest Percival and army-British army surrendered to Tomoyuki Yamashita General of the Lunar New Year with 15 Februari1942. Approximately 130,000 irregulars India, Australia and Britain became prisoners of war. The fall of Singapore was the largest British surrender in history lost.
Singapore was then called into Syonan-to (昭南 Shonan-to, "Light of the South) in Japanese. Singapore was occupied by Japan from 1942 to 1945.

OWN GOVERNMENT (1955-1963)
Chairman of the Labour Front, David Marshall, became the first Chief Minister of Singapore. He ruled an unstable government and led to a massive strike peritiwa. In April 1956, he traveled to London to talk about the independence of Singapore but was unsuccessful because of the influence of communists in Singapore. Marshall continued to press the UK that he would resign sekirannya England did not give independence to Singapore. But the British company Marshall ignored the lawsuit, and eventually he was forced to relinquish his post. Singapore Chief Minister Lim Yew Hock is so. He took firm action against the heads of union workers and members of the pro-communist.
Lim decisive action led Britain agreed to grant self-government to Singapore.

SHAPE COMMUNITY MALAYSIA (1963-1965)
On 16 September 1963, the UK agreed to surrender Singapore, Sabah, and Sarawak to join the Federation of Malaysia PersekutuanTanah that Malays can be formed. After accompanying Malaysia, Singapore's main political parties are the People's Action Party won the election in Singapore. PAP actions are often voiced discontent about kaumBumiputera privilege.
Many members of the United Malays National Organisation Federation urged the government to arrest Lee Kuan Yew. So on August 7, 1965, Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra rid Singapore from Malaysia. Many people assume the actions Malaysia Tunku Abdul Rahman as a disadvantage because they say many other ways to maintain the security of Singapore.
During this period the Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation. 3 marines Indonesia, namely Aaron Thohir, Usman Janatin, and Gani bin Arup blow MacDonnald House in Singapore in 1965. They escaped, but two of them, namely Aaron and Usman can be captured and hanged three years later though Indonesia is ask for forgiveness, because in 1968, President Sukarno was replaced by Suharto's fall and when it is not supported by the Western Countries Lee Kuan Yew to worry about.

REPUBLIC OF SINGAPORE (1965-NOW)
After discharge from Malaysia, Singapore began to emerge as a world trading power. Many amenities and progress was made during the reign of Lee Kuan Yew.
In 1990, Lee Kuan Yew quit politics and give the government power to Goh Chok Tong. In 2004 also, Goh Chok Tong stepped down as Prime Minister and give the path to the Lee Kuan Yew's son Lee Hsien Loong to govern.