HISTORICAL CITY FIELD

HISTORICAL CITY FIELD

1. Land Medan Deli

In ancient times the city of Medan is known as the Land Deli and the terrain more or less swampy area of ​​4000 Ha. Several rivers cross the city of Medan and it all boils down to the Straits of Malacca. Rivers Deli is Sei, Sei Babura, Sikambing Sei, Sei Denai, White Sei, Sei Badra, Belawan and Sei Sei Sulang Mutual / Sei Apes.

At first, the open field is Professor Patimpus township location in Tanah Deli, since colonial times people always weave Medan Deli (Medan-Deli). After a long run time of independence Medan Deli term gradually disappeared and eventually less popular.

Formerly named the Land Deli from the Snake River (Deli Serdang) to Wampu River Deli Sultanate in Langkat while in power at that time did not include local authority area between the two rivers.Overall Deli soil types in the area consists of clay, sand, soil mix, black soil, brown soil and red soil. This is a study of Van Hissink in 1900, followed by a study in 1910 that despite Vriens soil like that no longer met the specific types of clay. Clay is in place at the time of Dutch rule named Bakaran Stone (now the East Field or Menteng) people burn high quality brick and one brick factory at the time it was Deli Klei.

Regarding rainfall in the Land Deli classified two types: Main Maksima and Maksima Supplement. Main maxima occur in the months of October s / d in December was between January Maksima Additional s / d September. Specifically rainfall in Medan average 2000 per year with an average intensity of 4.4 mm / h.

According to Volker Medan in 1860 is still a jungle here and there-especially dimuara estuaries interspersed settlements of people from the Karo and the Malayan peninsula. In 1863 the Dutch began to open a tobacco plantation in Deli which was the star Land Deli. Since then, the economy continues to grow so that field into the center of town government and the economy in North Sumatra.

2. Kampung Medan and Deli Tobacco

At the beginning of its development is a small village called "Field Princess". The development of Kampung Medan "Princess" is inseparable from its strategic position as it is located at the confluence of rivers and streams Deli Babura, not far from the Princess Green now. Both of these rivers is the ancient trade traffic pretty crowded, thus Kampung Medan "Princess" which was the forerunner of Medan, rapidly developed into an important transit port.

More and more people come to this village and wife Patimpus teacher who founded the village Medan birth of the first child of a male and named the Kolok. Livelihood of people in Kampung Medan which they named with the Ten two Kuta is farming planting pepper. Not long after

The second child born Guru Patimpus and even this young man named the Kecik.

In his Master Patimpus minded person is considered advanced. This is proven by having her sit (to study) read the Qur'an to Datuk City Build and then deepen the religion of Islam to Aceh.

The information confirms that the Kampung Medan is a description of H. Muhammad Said quoting through books Deli In Woord en styl written by Cate N.Ten. The statement said that the Kampung Medan yore is a fortress, and the rest are still there wall consists of two layers of shaped roundabout dipertemuan contained between two rivers namely River Deli and Babura rivers. The house is located across the river from administrates the village Medan. If we see that the location of the Kampung Medan is in the guesthouse and the fort now houses the office administrates is Tobacco PTP IX Deli is now.

Approximately in 1612 after two decades of standing Kampung Medan, Sultan Iskandar Muda in Aceh ruling sent a commander named Gocah hero Admiral Horse Bintan title to be a leader who represents the kingdom of Aceh Land Deli.

Gocah Heroes opening new land in Sungai Lalang, Percut. As Mayor and Deputy Sultan of Aceh and Aceh empire by utilizing oversized, Gocah Heroes managed to expand his realm, to include sub Percut Sei Tuan and District Medan Deli now. He also founded the villages of Mount Klarus, Sampali, City Build, Brayan Island, Java City, Town and Sigara Rengas Percut-gara.

With the appearance of the hero Gocah start growing kingdom Gocah Deli and in 1632 married the daughter of Datuk Heroes Sunggal. After the marriage of kings in Kampung Medan succumbed Gocah Heroes.

Gocah hero died in 1653 and was succeeded by his son Tuangku Perunggit Commander, who then proclaimed the independence of the Sultanate of Deli Sultanate in 1669, with its capital in Labuan, about 20 km from Medan.

John Anderson, an Englishman made a visit to Kampung Medan in 1823 and noted in his book Mission to the East Coast of Sumatra that residents in Kampung Medan at that time still amounted to 200 people but he only saw the population living dipertemuan between the two rivers. Anderson mentions in his book "Mission to the East Coast of Sumatra" (published by Edinburgh 1826) that along the Deli to the Kampung Medan mosque walls built with granite stones square. These stones were taken from an ancient Hindu temple in Java.

The rapid development of Kampung Medan "Princess", is also not free from tobacco that is very popular with Delinya tobacco, which is tobacco for cigar wrappers. In 1863, Sultan Deli gives Nienhuys Van der Falk and Elliot from the firm Van Keeuwen en Mainz & Co., the land of 4000 shoulder (1 shoulder = 0.74 ha) in erfpacht 20 years in Cape Sepassi, near Labuhan. Examples of tobacco deli. March 1864, an example of the crop shipped to Rotterdam in the Netherlands, to test its quality. It turns tobacco leaves are very good and of high quality for wrapping cigars.

Later in 1866, Jannsen, P.W. Clemen, Cremer and Nienhuys establish de Deli Maatscapij in Labuan. Then the expansion of new plantations in areas Martubung, Sunggal (1869), Rice and Klumpang River (1875), the total amount to 22 oil companies in 1874. Considering the tobacco trade is already very broad and growing, Nienhuys move their corporate offices to Labuhan Kampung Medan "Princess". Thus the "Kampung Medan Daughter" becomes increasingly crowded and then developed with a name better known as "the city of Medan".

3. Legend of Medan

According to the legend at the time immemorial have lived in the old Deli Sultanate approximately 10 km from the Kampung Medan in Deli Tua now a very beautiful princess and her beauty was named Princess Green. Beauty Princess is celebrated everywhere from Aceh to the northern tip of the island of Java.

Sultan fell in love with the princess and asked her to be his queen. Sultan proposal was rejected by both his men Putri Hijau. Sultan of Aceh was angry because rejection is considered as an insult to him. Then came the war between the Sultanate of Deli Sultanate.

According to the legends mentioned above, using the magic of his green princess transformed into a dragon and a longer sepucuk cannon firing incessantly Aceh army until his death.

KesultananDeli long suffered defeat in the war and dismay Crown Prince who becomes cannon exploded partially ejected to the rear and the front Labuhan Deli high flatness Karo approximately 5 Km from Kabanjahe.

Green's daughter is captured and put in a glass coffin is loaded into vessels for onward brought to Aceh. When the ship reached the end Jambo Aye, Putri Hijau please held a ceremony for him before the crates unloaded from the ship. At his request, to be submitted to him some rice and a thousand eggs and host Princess petition granted. But it just started suddenly uapacara berhembuslah almighty gale followed waves were very high.

From the sea comes the brother who had been transformed into a serpent and using the jaws of it took his sister locked chest, and brought into the sea.

This legend samapai still famous among the Deli and indeed also in the Malay community in Malaysia.

At Deli Tua there are the ruins of Fort and Castle which dates back to the Princess Green, being the remaining cannon brother Putri Hijau incarnation can be seen in the courtyard Maimun Medan.

4. Dutch colonization in the Land Deli

Dutch colonized the archipelago more than half a century, but to master the Land Deli them very much under challenge is not small. They had a war with the prince Diponegoro Java circa 1825-1830. Netherlands is very much a loss while to master Sumatra, the Dutch war against Aceh, Minangkabau, and Sisingamangaraja in Tapanuli.

So to master the Dutch Land Deli just over 78 years starting from the year 1864 to 1942. After the war ended then Governor-General of Java J.Van den Bosch Dutch troops deployed to Sumatra, and he expected to master the whole of Sumatra takes 25 years. Dutch conquest on Sumatra was stopped half way through because the Dutch Minister of Colonies sent JCBaud time Dutch troop in Sumatra although they have beaten Minangkabau known as Padri War (1821-1837).

Sultan Ismail ruling Riau suddenly attacked by a mob boss named Britain with Adam Wilson. Since at that time the Sultan Ismail limited powers seek refuge in the Netherlands. Since then there is an opportunity for the Dutch to dominate the kingdom of Siak Sri Indrapura the king is Sultan Ismail. On February 1, 1858 Netherlands Sultan Ismail urged to sign the agreement so that the area conquered the kingdom of Siak Sri Indrapura including Deli, Langkat and Serdang entered the Dutch East Sumatra. Since the area has entered the Dutch Deli otomatislah Kampung Medan a colony of the Netherlands, but the Dutch have a physical presence mastered Land Deli.

In 1858 Elisa also appointed Resident Netscher Riau region and since then also he made himself a defender of the ruling Sultan Ismail Siak kingdom. Netscher's goal is to seat him as a defender of Sultan Ismail political course will be easy for Netscher ruled the empire conquered the Siak Deli which includes Kampung Medan Putri.

The development of a center of trade Medan daughter had pushed into the center of government. In 1879, the capital was moved from Resident Assistant Deli Labuhan to Medan, March 1, 1887, Resident of East Sumatra capital of Bengkalis also moved to Medan, Deli Sultanate Palace which was originally located in Kampung Bahari (Labuan) also moved with the completion of the construction of the Palace on the 18th Maimoon May 1891, and thus capital Deli has been officially moved to Medan.

In 1915 Residency of East Sumatra improved his position to Gubernemen. In 1918 Medan officially became the Gemeente (Township) with Mayor Baron Daniel Mac Kay. Based on the "Acte van Schenking" (Deed of Grant) No. 97 Notary JM de-Hondt Junior, dated November 30, 1918, the Sultan of Deli relinquish land to the Gemeente Medan Medan, thus officially became the territory under direct rule of the Dutch East Indies. At the beginning of this township, Medan is composed of four villages, namely Kesawan Kampung, Kampung Rengas River, Petisah Kampung Kampung Hulu and Downstream Petisah.

In 1918 the population was recorded as 43,826 souls field comprising 409 people from Europe, Indonesia 35 009 people, 8269 China Eastern and other foreign people 139 people.

Since then the city of Medan growing more rapidly. Various facilities are built. Some of them are the Office of Experiment Stations AVROS in Kampung Baru (1919), now RISPA, relationships Railway Base Brandan - Besitang (1919), the American Consulate (1919), School Teacher Indonesia on Jl. H.M. Yamin now (1923), Weekly Soematra (1924), Association of Pool Field (1924), Central Market, RS Elizabeth Hospital Eye Clinic and Sports Ground Flower (1929).

Historically the development of the city of Medan, since its inception has been positioned at the center of trade (export-import) since past. 'm maketh field as deli capital of Medan has also evolved into a center of government. in addition to this one area of ​​the city, as well as well as the capital of North Sumatra Province.

5. Medan Japanese Occupation Period

In 1942 the Dutch colonization that ended in Sumatra when the Japanese landed in several areas such as Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Sumatra in Japan landed in East Sumatra.

Japanese troops landed in Sumatra is an army XXV

based in Shonanto better known by the name of Singapore, rather they landed on 11 pm March 12, 1942. This force consisted of the Empire to the Garda Division-2 coupled with the 18th Division led by Letjend. Nishimura. There are four landing sites is that they are Sabang, Ulele, Kuala Bugak (near Peurlak East Aceh now) and Tanjung oysters (the Coal now).

Japanese troops landed at the Cape of oysters is coming into the city of Medan, they boarded the bikes that they bought from the people around them as barter. Their slogan that they are helping people of Asia because they are old brother Asian people so they dieluelukan his arrival.

When the transfer of power to the Japanese city of Medan Dutch chaotic, indigenous people use this opportunity to take revenge against the Netherlands. The situation was soon issued by the Japanese army to deploy troops called "Kempetai" (Japanese Military Police). With the inclusion of Japan in the city of Medan circumstances soon changed primarily civilian government which the Dutch called "Gemeente bestuur" by Japanese dirobah be "Sico Field" (Municipal Government). Who served the civil administration at the Municipality of the city of Medan when it is up to the end of Japanese rule named Hoyasakhi. For the level of residency in East Sumatra as heterogeneous society called Syucokan when it held by T.Nakashima, assistant resident called Gunseibu.

Japanese occupation more rampant in Medan they make more poor people, because they think the conditions so easily master the entire archipelago, the slogan is the motto of his old course. Namely Medan eastward Marindal now built a kind of collective farms Kengrohositai. Titi Yellow Field Johor region is now not far from the airport Polonia now they are building a foundation of military aircraft.

6. Medan Welcomes Independence of the Republic of Indonesia

Everywhere throughout Indonesia by the year 1945 Proclamation preparation resonates so well in Medan do not miss youth leaders conduct a variety of preparations. They heard that the atomic bomb hit Hiroshima City has fallen, the Japanese force was paralyzed. While the desire to return to the allied forces occupied Indonesia.

Especially in the city of Medan and surrounding areas, as Japanese authorities realized his defeat immediately cease all their activities, especially those related to youth development and deployment. What they had been doing to recruit youths as Heiho mass, Romusha, Gyu Gun and Talapeta they disband or return to the community. The activity formally dissolved on August 20, 1945 as the day it was also ruler of Japan in East Sumatra called Tetsuzo Nakashima announced the defeat of Japan. He also said that the task force occupying their dibekas to maintain the status quo before handed over to the allied forces. Most members of the former army Heiho, Romusha, Talapeta and exercise Gyu Gun confused because they are trapped in lives where they are only given a limited pocket money, so they look brown uniform passing by in the city.

Some youth leaders see it as taking the initiative to address them. Especially the former officers including Lieutenant Gyu Gun Tahir Ahmad established a committee to deal with the former Heiho, Romusha the family / relatives not in the city of Medan. The committee named "Committee for Unemployment Ex-Gyu Gun Helpers" who is based in Jl. 17 palaces (now Youth Building).

Dated August 17, 1945 the echo of independence has reached Medan city even though with somewhat stilted because of the circumstances at the time the communication is very simple. Japanese news agency "Domei" existing representative in Medan, but they do not want to broadcast the news of independence, as a result people more confused.

A small group of allied soldiers rather dated 1 September 1945 led by Lieutenant Seaman Brondgeest I arrived in the city of Medan and is based in De Boer (now a Hotel Dharma Deli). His job is to prepare the takeover of Japan. In the meantime also the Dutch army led by Westerling accompanied liaison officer named Major Yacobs ally and lieutenant Brondgeest successfully established the Dutch police to the area of ​​East Sumatra members drawn from former KNIL and Japanese police are pro-Dutch.

Finally the tortuous journey of the youth held a variety of actions that must be upheld regardless of independence in Indonesia as well as in the city of Medan were a part. They are Ahmad Tahir, Amir Bachrum Nasution, Edisaputra, Rustam Efendy, Ghazali Ibrahim, Roos Lila, A.malik Munir, Bahrum Djamil, Marzuki Lubis and Muhammad Kasim Jusni.