HISTORY OF AUSTRALIA

HISTORY OF AUSTRALIA

GLANCE

A lot has changed in Australia since the original called Aboriginal Australians living in complex social systems, reflecting the tradition of a strong relationship with the land and environment. Since that time until the arrival of the first European explorers, convicts, free settlers and more recent immigrants come, Australia has experienced a period of depression, war and political scandals, creating vibrant cities and legends of 'the bush' (inland) and ' Aussie Battler '(warrior Australia); provide new life for people from all over the world, and the decline and revival of the original culture.

HISTORY BEFORE CENTURY 20

Australia's original inhabitants, known as Australian Aborigines, have the longest cultural history in the world, ever since the last Ice Age. Although mystery and debate obscures many aspects of Australian prehistory, it is generally recognized that the first humans traveled across the sea from Indonesia about 70,000 years ago.

Europeans began to explore Australia in the 16th century, first the Portuguese navigator followed by the Dutch explorer and entrepreneur and was followed by English pirate William Dampier. Captain James Cook sailed the entire length east coast in 1770, stopping at Botany Bay in the middle of his journey, and soon after he claimed the continent for Britain, and named it New South Wales.

In 1779, Joseph Banks (a naturalist in the fleet of Captain Cook) proposed a way for Britain to address the congestion problems in its prisons by sending convicts to New South Wales. In 1787, the First Fleet sailed into Botany Bay, consisting of 11 ships and 750 men and women prisoners. This fleet arrived on January 26, 1788, but soon moved north to Sydney Cove, which has a land and water better. For these newcomers, New South Wales is a hot, hard and ugly, and the threat of starvation haunts this colony for many years. To struggle against nature and stressful government, the people of Australia recently formed a culture that later became the basis of the legend of 'Aussie Battler'.

Within a few decades later, came the free settlers were attracted to Australia, but the discovery of gold in 1850-anlah that permanently alter the colony. Large immigrant flows and several large gold discoveries boost economic growth and changing the social structure of the colony. Aboriginal people forcibly evicted from their tribal lands, while the settlers take the land for agriculture or mining.

In the late 19th century, many people who cherish the countryside or 'the bush' (ie areas away from the city) and its people. Great forum for 'nationalism outback' This is a very popular Bulletin magazine. The pages are filled with humor and sentiment to everyday life and the authors of the famous outback legend Henry Lawson and 'Banjo' Paterson.

TWENTY CENTURY HISTORY

Australia became a federation of the country of residence as separate colonies formed on January 1, 1901. Australian troops fought alongside the British in the Boer War and PDI. The country hard hit by the Depression, when prices for wool and wheat (two major products of the economy) fell. In 1931, nearly one-third of wage earners into unemployment, and poverty was widespread. However, in 1933, Australia's economy began to recover. When WWII broke out, Australian troops fought alongside the British share in Europe, but the United States was the one who helped protect Australia from the advancing Japanese air forces, defeating them in the Battle of the Coral Sea.

After the Second World War, immigration came from Europe, which contribute greatly to the country, to revive the culture and broaden your horizons Australian perspective. The postwar era was a boom times in Australia, because of the high demand for raw materials. Australia followed the United States in the Korean War, and in 1965 sent troops to help the U.S. in the Vietnam War, although support for Australia's involvement is not exhaustive. The problem for many young Australians are conscripts who applied in 1964.

Riots caused by military service is one of the factors increasing the Australian Labor Party (Labor Party) to power in 1972, under the leadership of Gough Whitlam. Whitlam Government withdraw Australian troops from Vietnam, eliminating the cost of higher education and national agencies, to implement a health care system that is free and available to the public, and to support land rights for Aboriginal people.

However, the government is opposition from the Senate and the growing issue of mismanagement. On 11 November 1975, the Governor-General (representative of the British monarchy in Australia) to dissolve parliament and form a caretaker government led by the chairman of the Liberal Party, Malcolm Fraser. The move is the first made by the governor-general. Liberal Party conservative coalition with the National Party won the country the next election. New Labour Government back in 1983, when the former trade union leader, Bob Hawke, has won his party.

RECENT HISTORY & AUSTRALIA TODAY

After a period of recession and high unemployment in the early 1990s, voters finally lose confidence in the Labour government, and in early 1996 the Labour leader Paul Keating was defeated by a coalition of conservatives, led by current Prime Minister, John Howard. Australia has a parliamentary system of government based on the Westminster system bilayer. There are three levels of government, namely the federal, state and local. Federal Parliament consists of the House of Representatives (House of Representatives) and the Senate. The party that has the largest number of seats in the House of Representatives will form a government. For more information, please see the website at: www.australia.gov.au / govt-in-aust

The issue of republicanism (ie replacing the queen of England with the Australian president as head of state) dominated politics in Australia in the late 1990s. More and more people, especially young Australians, who felt that the constitutional ties with Britain is no longer relevant and the only way to advance is to declare Australia a republic. However, a national referendum was held in 1999 results in the fact that the state can not be changed.

In the last half of the 20th century, a part of the culture and history of Australia's lesser known began to emerge and gain wider recognition, especially through art, literature and film, and as a result, the icon 'Battler' is becoming increasingly less relevant. The immigrants brought stories, culture and myths of their own, to blend in with the colonial Australia. There is also recognition that the long-awaited, that Aboriginal Australia is the fundamental definition of a true national culture today.

'Great Australian Dream' of owning a house, which began in the golden age in the 1950's, continues and produces a large-scale suburbanization in the cities of Australia, particularly in Sydney and Melbourne. Architecture Australia today does not really have a distinctive style, and trends from abroad often dominate large development projects. In many cases, the buildings 'modern' most interesting fact is recycled Victorian building or from another era. Yet still there are exceptions, and the famous such as Darling Harbour Convention Centre in Sydney, Melbourne Museum and Cultural Centre at Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park in central Australia, which was designed in consultation with the traditional owners of the nature reserve. Complex Federation Square Melbourne, with sharp geometric shapes, reflecting the challenging modern architecture, right in the heart of the city.

The health of the current economy is evident from the relatively high Australian dollar, increased trade with China and a few high profits and record on local businesses. All this coupled with inflation and low unemployment. However, on the downside is the increased trade deficit to $ 20 billion, household debt soared average high and housing prices in urban centers are increasingly unaffordable.